Water Quality Assessment through Determination of Iron (Fe) and Cadmium (Cd) Using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS)
Keywords:
Water Quality, Heavy Metal Contamination, Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd)Abstract
This study assessed the concentrations of Fe and Cd in rainwater, well water, and bottled drinking water using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS). Water samples were collected from three representative points per source, preserved with concentrated nitric acid (HNO₃, pH < 2), and stored at 4 °C until analysis. Stock standard solutions (1000 mg/L) of Fe and Cd were prepared and serially diluted to obtain working standards (0.1–5.0 mg/L) for calibration. Calibration curves demonstrated excellent linearity with R² = 0.9991 for Fe and R² = 0.9937 for Cd. The Fe concentrations were 0.1203 mg/L (rainwater), 0.1533 mg/L (well water), and 0.1504 mg/L (bottled water), all below the permissible limits set by WHO and Indonesian regulations. Cd was below the instrument detection limit in all samples. These results indicate that all tested water sources are compliant with national and international water quality standards and are free from significant heavy metal contamination. The findings provide valuable data for environmental monitoring and sustainable water quality management.References
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