Recent advances in biochemical approaches for halal authentication: From dna analysis to metabolomics and lipidomics
Keywords:
Biochemical Approaches, DNA Analysis, Halal authentication, Lipidomics, Metabolomics, Omics TechnologiesAbstract
The verification of halal status has become a major global concern due to the increasing complexity of supply chains within the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent biochemical and omics-based methodologies developed to detect non-halal constituents and ensure adherence to Islamic dietary requirements. DNA-based analytical techniques, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA barcoding, and next-generation sequencing (NGS), remain the primary tools for identifying species origins in meat and processed products. Nevertheless, their performance often declines in highly processed samples where DNA degradation compromises detection accuracy. To address these challenges, metabolomics and lipidomics have emerged as powerful complementary approaches capable of comprehensively profiling small molecules and lipids. Advanced analytical platforms such as ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) have further improved detection sensitivity and reliability. The integration of multi-omics strategies—combining genomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics with chemometric data modeling—has provided superior analytical precision and throughput, establishing a more holistic framework for halal authentication. Despite these advances, challenges persist, including the absence of harmonized global regulations, high operational costs, limited technical expertise, and the lack of standardized halal biomarker databases. Overcoming these barriers requires a structured roadmap encompassing laboratory validation, regulatory alignment, and industrial capacity building. Interdisciplinary collaboration among biochemists, analytical chemists, and Islamic legal scholars is crucial to develop unified, evidence-based frameworks. Through such synergy, multi-omics technologies can substantially enhance transparency, analytical reliability, and global trust in halal verification systems.References
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